How Deep Should my Compression be During CPR

Hawaii CPR To Go
Jul 3
2 min read

Updated: Jul 5

Importance of Depth of Compression during CPR

The depth of compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical factor that significantly influences the effectiveness of the procedure in restoring circulation. Research has shown that adequate depth of compression is essential for generating sufficient blood flow to vital organs, particularly the brain and heart, during a cardiac arrest.

Compression Fraction

Compression fraction refers to the proportion of time during CPR that compressions are being performed compared to the total time of the resuscitation attempt. It is a measure of how effectively rescuers can maintain continuous chest compressions without interruptions. A higher compression fraction is associated with improved outcomes in cardiac arrest cases, as it ensures that blood flow is maintained for as long as possible.

Historical Changes in Compression Depth

When CPR was first introduced in the 1960s, guidelines recommended a compression depth of approximately 1.5 inches (about 4 cm). However, over the years, research and clinical studies have led to significant changes in these guidelines. - In the 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, the recommended depth of compressions was increased to at least 2 inches (5 cm) for adults. - Subsequent updates in 2010 and 2015 reinforced this recommendation, emphasizing the importance of achieving a depth of 2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) for effective CPR. These changes were based on evidence that deeper compressions lead to better hemodynamic outcomes during cardiac arrest, increasing the likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Challenges of Performing CPR

Despite its importance, performing effective CPR poses several challenges. - **Physical Demands**: Administering high-quality chest compressions requires significant physical effort, particularly maintaining the recommended depth and rate (100 to 120 compressions per minute). - **Fatigue**: Rescuers can quickly become fatigued, which can lead to a decrease in the quality of compressions over time. This is why the AHA encourages training in CPR techniques and the use of team-based approaches when available. - **Psychological Barriers**: The stress of a real-life emergency can impact a rescuer's ability to perform CPR effectively. The fear of doing it incorrectly or causing harm can lead to hesitation or inadequate performance. - **Environment**: Performing CPR in less-than-ideal conditions, such as on a hard surface or in a crowded space, can also affect the quality of compressions.

Conclusion

The depth of compression during CPR is vital for ensuring effective circulation and improving survival outcomes in cardiac arrest cases. Understanding the importance of compression fraction and adhering to updated guidelines can enhance the effectiveness of CPR. Continuous training and practice are essential to overcome the challenges associated with performing CPR, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients in need of resuscitation.